In 2007, neuromodulation was in the field of combining technology, medical treatment, and bioengineering, through implantable or non-implantable methods, to exert regulatory functions on the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, etc., so as to restore nerve function 1. The purpose of improving the quality of life of patients. In recent years, neuromodulation techniques have been widely used in diseases such as nervous system injury, chronic pain, bladder and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Among them, sacral nerve regulation is an implantable programmable sacral nerve regulation system, which has been approved for urinary incontinence, urinary urgency frequency syndrome and non-obstructive urinary retention. Up to now, hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide have received this treatment.
Known as "one of the important symbols of the third industrial revolution, 3D printing technology is an emerging rapid prototyping technology based on computer digital imaging technology and multi-level continuous printing. In recent years, with precision medicine and personalized medicine The concept is proposed, and the application of 3D printing technology in the medical field is increasingly widespread. Waran et al. Reported that 3D printing technology can be used to print medical models and prepare head models for teaching [1]. Matthew et al. Used CT 3D reconstruction and 3D printing technology Prepare a model of the scapula tumor of the child to assist the doctor to analyze the condition before surgery. At present, the 3D printing model uses a variety of materials for printing, and can be used for orthopedic medical equipment, living tissue and organ printing, and its application prospect is very broad.
So, can 3D printing technology be applied to the field of sacral nerve regulation? Accurate puncture positioning of the sacral foramen is one of the most important steps in the treatment of sacral nerve therapy. At present, the puncture is usually completed under the guidance of X-ray positioning of the C-arm machine. The size of the sacral foramen is only 2mm, which makes it very difficult to accurately locate the puncture in the treatment of sacral nerves. It takes a lot of time and makes the operation more difficult.
In December 2016, the Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, successfully launched 3D printing technology for sacral nerve therapy for the first time in the world [3]. In this study, 12 patients undergoing sacral nerve control surgery were randomly divided into 5 cases in the control group and 7 cases in the experimental group. The control group used traditional X-ray cross positioning method, while the test group used 3D printing technology to create personalized puncture. Navigation template positioning method: Three-point fixed positioning method is performed before the patient's examination. Three-point opaque marks are artificially formed on the body surface and marked with special dyes to prevent deviations caused by the placement of the navigation template. CT scan of the sacral and coccyxal spine was performed before surgery to obtain CT data of the required segments. The CT data is processed to obtain the corresponding soft tissue and bone tissue data, based on which the three-dimensional design of the puncture navigation template used in the operation is obtained, and then printed and formed using a 3D printing device to accurately locate the S3 needle hole.
Next, the clinical efficacy was evaluated by comparing the number of puncture needles, the time taken for puncture and postoperative complications such as postoperative infection. The results are shown in Table 1. Both groups of patients completed the operation without wound infection, while the number of puncture needles, the time required for puncture success, and the time for intraoperative adjustment test in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The results of this study suggest that the feasibility and effectiveness of 3D printing technology for sacral nerve regulation surgery provides a direction for precise and individualized treatment of sacral nerve regulation.
More and more studies have shown that 3D printing technology has broad application prospects in the field of nerves. In 2017, MGTaverner et al. Applied 3D printing to the field of neuromodulation, with a view to exploring the best treatment for patients with severe scoliosis and osteoporosis. First, the 3D printing technology is used to make a CT scan of the spine into a 3D model. According to the model, it is found that there is enough space at the T12 / L1 position to allow spinal cord stimulation experiments. The results of the first-phase experiment showed that spinal cord stimulation significantly improved the patient's sitting, standing, walking, housework and social behaviors. The patient's pain has also been alleviated to some extent after permanent implantation.
The application of 3D printing technology in the medical field has achieved remarkable results, and the use of 3D printing technology can produce personalized medical supplies. With the gradual development of digital medicine and new material technology, the application prospects of 3D printing technology in the field of neural regulation will be more broad. 
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