In the field of packaging and anti-counterfeiting, traditional bar code labels have been widely used, but with people's higher and more comprehensive information requirements on the production, storage, transportation, quality assurance, anti-counterfeiting, management and other aspects of this product, this bar code label is obviously unable to handle Not only does it fail to provide information on product production, management, etc., but also to warn about temperature and other information required for product quality assurance, it also gradually loses the anti-counterfeiting effect of the product due to its simple printing and easy imitation. With the advancement of technology and its application in the field of label production, a brand new, multi-functional, smart label with good anti-counterfeiting effect has begun to be widely used. It will bring new vitality and vitality to label printing.
The main features of RFID
RFID (Radio Frequency Identifica-tion) is a radio frequency identification system, also known as wireless IC tags, electronic tags, inductive electronic chips, inductive cards, non-contact cards, etc. It is a kind of non-contact through radio waves The data access technology can be combined with the data access technology through wireless communication to connect the database system behind to form a huge and serially connected system. A complete RFID system includes readers, sensors or chips, antennas, hardware and software systems, etc. The basic principle is that when the tag enters the magnetic field area, it receives the signal from the reader, sends out the product information stored in the chip with the energy obtained by the induced current, or actively sends a signal of a certain frequency, the reader After reading and decoding the information, it is sent to the central information system for related processing.
RFID tags can be divided into passive tags: they do not send out information radio waves by themselves. The reader sends out radio waves to generate signals. The antenna of the RFID tag receives the induced current generated by the magnetic field, and then sends the information stored in the chip to the reader to receive Interpretation. Active label: In addition to the chip and antenna, the label has an additional power supply, which can continuously send out data signals to the reader to receive interpretation.
To sum up, RFID mainly has the following characteristics:
(1) Data reading and writing function: as long as it is through RFID, it can read the information directly into the database without contact, and can process multiple tags at one time, and can write the status of logistics processing into the label for the next stage of logistics processing For reading judgment.
(2) Easy to miniaturize and diversify the shape: RFID is not limited by the size and shape in reading, and does not need to match the fixed size and printing quality of the paper for reading accuracy. In addition, RFID can be further miniaturized and diversified to be applied to different products.
(3) Environmental resistance: As soon as the paper becomes dirty, the information on it cannot be seen, but RFID has strong resistance to water, oil, drugs and other substances. RFID can also read data in dark or dirty environments.
(4) Reusable: Since RFID is electronic data, it can be overwritten repeatedly, so the label can be recycled and reused. Such as passive RFID, it can be used without batteries, and there is no need for maintenance.
(5) Penetration: If RFID is covered by non-metallic or non-transparent materials such as paper, wood and plastic, it can also communicate penetratingly. However, if it is a ferrous metal, communication is impossible.
(6) Large memory capacity of data: The data capacity will expand with the development of memory specifications. The amount of data needed to carry items in the future will be larger and larger, and the demand for the expansion capacity of the label will also increase. Will be restricted.
The main application of RFID in the field of printing
In fact, RFID technology has been researched and applied as early as World War II. At that time, the United Kingdom used RFID to confirm whether it was its own aircraft entering the airport to avoid accidental attacks. RFID is equivalent to a tag that can read the above data without contact, so the scope of application is very wide, for example, access control (personal access control, control and commute personnel management); asset collection and waste management (stack Management of recyclable containers such as boards, containers, trolleys, cages, etc .; garbage recycling, waste management and control systems, etc .; cargo management and storage materials handling (baggage identification for air transportation, inventory, logistics and transportation management; inventory inventory , Material control system); medical applications (hospital medical records system, management of dangerous or regulated biochemical items); transportation (highway toll system); anti-theft applications (anti-theft in supermarkets, anti-theft management in libraries or bookstores); animals Monitoring (livestock animal management, pet identification, wildlife tracking); automated control (assembly and production in the automotive, home appliance, and electronics industries); joint ticket (incorporating multi-purpose smart stored value cards, bonus points cards), etc. Many aspects.
In the field of printing, RFID will gradually replace traditional barcode labels. Experts predict that RFID technology will have an important impact on packaging, anti-counterfeiting printing and paper in the coming years. For the printing field, in the production of RFID, printing technology can be used to produce RFID antennas, which brings new development opportunities to the printing industry.
RFID has more and more applications in logistics and management. Abroad, Wal-Mart, the largest retailer in the United States, has started to require upstream major suppliers to add RFID to the supply warehouses in January 2005. By the end of 2006, RFID was fully used.
RFID printing technology
RFID production is very different from traditional label printing. At present, China's traditional label printing technology has a very high level. There are many companies with rich experience in the trademark printing industry, and they also produce many beautifully designed and high-quality products. , But for RFID, some people think that it is nothing special, as long as it is covered with a beautiful coat with ordinary labels, which is not difficult for printing companies with high-quality labels, but simply adding a beautiful coat RFID, for its high added value will cause important losses. So, compared with traditional label printing, what are the characteristics of RFID printing? First, from the definition of RFID, intelligence refers to the radio frequency circuit composed of chips, antennas, etc .; and the label is the commercialization of the radio frequency circuit by the label printing process. From a printing perspective, the emergence of RFID will bring higher gold content to traditional label printing. The chip layer of RFID can be encapsulated and printed with materials such as paper, PE, PET and even textiles to make stickers, paper cards, hang tags or other types of tags. The chip is the key to RFID and is determined by its special structure , Can not withstand the pressure of the printing machine, so, in addition to inkjet printing, generally use the process of printing the surface layer first, and then compound with the chip layer, die cutting process.
(1) Printing method. Printing is mainly based on screen printing, which is mainly because the printing quality of screen printing on integrated circuit boards and membrane switches is beyond the reach of other printing methods. In RFID printing, conductive ink is used, and printing is conductive The better screen for the ink is a nickel foil perforated screen. It is a high-tech wire mesh. It is not a wire mesh woven from ordinary metal or nylon wire, but a nickel foil drilled foil mesh. The mesh is hexagonal, and it can also be made into a circle by electrolytic forming. Hole shape. The entire screen is flat and even, which can greatly improve the stability and precision of the imprint. It is used for printing high-tech products such as conductive inks, wafers and integrated circuits. It can distinguish 0.1mm circuit line spacing and positioning accuracy. 0.01mm.
(2) Application of conductive ink. Conductive ink is a special ink, which can be added to UV ink, flexographic water-based ink or special offset printing ink to add a conductive carrier to make the ink conductive. Conductive inks are mainly composed of conductive fillers (including metal powders, metal oxides, non-metals and other composite powders), connecting agents (mainly synthetic resins, photosensitive resins, low-melting organic glass, etc.), additives (mainly dispersants, adjustments Agents, thickeners, plasticizers, lubricants, inhibitors, etc.), solvents (mainly aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, esters, alcohol ethers, etc.), conductive ink is a functional ink, mainly in printing There are conductive inks such as carbon paste and silver paste. Carbon paste ink is a one-liquid thermosetting ink. It has the functions of protecting copper foil and conducting current after film formation and curing. It has good conductivity and low impedance; it is not easy to oxidize, has stable performance, and is resistant to acids, alkalis and chemical solvents. Erosion; has the characteristics of strong wear resistance, good wear resistance and good thermal shock resistance. Silver paste ink is a one-liquid ink composed of ultra-fine silver powder and thermoplastic resin as the main body. It can be used on PET, PT, PVC sheets. It has strong adhesion and hiding power, low temperature curing, and controlled conductivity. And very low resistance. In addition, conductive nano inks made of conductive carbon can be added to conductive inks made of ink, and metallic powders (such as silver powder) in conductive inks can also be made into nano-sized silver powders to make conductive inks. This conductive ink not only prints the film Thin, uniform and smooth, excellent performance, and can save a lot of materials.
In RFID printing, conductive ink is mainly used to print RFID wire, replacing the traditional metal antenna made by foil pressing or etching. It has two main advantages. First of all, the metal antenna made by the traditional foil pressing method or etching method is complicated and the production time of the finished product is long. The conductive ink printing antenna is a high-speed printing method that is efficient and fast. It is a printed antenna And the preferred fast and cheap method in the circuit. Today, conductive inks have begun to replace etched antennas in various frequency bands, such as ultra-high frequency bands (860MHz to 950MHz) and microwave bands (2450MHz). Antennas printed with conductive inks can be compared with traditional etched copper antennas. In addition, conductive ink is also used to print sensors and circuit printing in RFID. Secondly, the metal antenna made by the traditional foil pressing method or the corrosion method consumes waste metal materials, and the cost is higher, while the raw material cost of the conductive ink is lower than that of the traditional metal antenna, which is of great significance for reducing the manufacturing cost of RFID. .
(3) Unique process requirements. In RFID printing, there are unique requirements for the production process, and attention should be paid to high yield, thick paper printing and composite processing.
In terms of high yield, because the value of RFID itself is many times higher than that of ordinary printed labels, so while bringing high profits to the enterprise, high yield of printed matter is particularly important. In particular, many products require multi-color UV ink printing, glazing, and gluing. Most of the large-volume labels are also processed by roll-to-roll printing or interfaceless printing (through flower). It makes the screening of finished products more difficult.
For thick paper printing, it must be noted that the equipment must have good printing suitability for 350 g thick cardboard, and keep the tension of the paper tape stable during cardboard printing to ensure that the cumulative overprint error is minimized. Therefore, if each picture is overprinted accurately, but the gap between the pictures has a large error, it will also cause trouble for the compounding and die cutting process after RFID printing. As for compound processing, it is a key process in RFID processing. Not only does it require that the size between each label does not change due to changes in tension, but also for film materials, the degree of increase in label spacing caused by tensile deformation must also be considered and done Appropriate adjustments.
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