In the printing industry, competition is ubiquitous, and profits are usually low, and customer satisfaction and retention rate are closely related to the quality of each service. In recent years, the development of data standards in the printing industry has made great strides. The most widely known of these are market-oriented standards such as Postscript and PDF. Nowadays, because it is adopted by more and more printers, other important quality control standards and specifications are also widely accepted by the international community.
Standards, methods, or specifications?
The value of standards is well known. However, it is not clear how to implement the standards and the vocabulary and abbreviations unique to the printed standards. It is one of the common mistakes people make to confuse standards, norms and methods.
Standards are the basis for comparisons and the reference point for evaluating other things. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) further defines "standards" as: "Documents, rules, guidelines, or characteristics that were developed by people through consensus and approved by an authority and can be reused in a wide range; The purpose of these activities or corresponding results is to achieve the optimal order in a specific environment. "
Standards are different from norms: they are widely used and pass the official evaluation and accreditation procedures of a regulatory agency (such as ISO). In some countries, the ISO standard is equivalent to the law.
On the other hand, the specification is a detailed description of the design standards for a job. GRACOL and SWOP are the specifications of the printing industry, which use precise feature data sets to specify specific printing processes and printing materials.
The definition of a method is "something or the way, technique or procedure to carry out something". For example, G7 is a method for adjusting the proofing and / or printing system to achieve the desired gray balance and tone curve.
Simply put, methods and specifications are the means by which you can achieve the expected standards. Many methods and specifications can help you achieve the ISO12647 target, including the IDE Alliance's G7 standard (neutral printing density and gray balance), SWOP (rotary offset printing specification), PSO (offset printing process standard from the German FOGRA Association), and japancolor (From Japan Printing Machinery Association). ISO, GRACOL, SWOP, G7, PSO and Japancolor.
ISO12647
The ISO12647 standard (process control of printing technology mesh tone separation proofs and printed finished products) is developed on the basis of the comprehensive data of many national printing quality committees around the world. It is a series of standards that provides a minimum set of parameters for technical attributes and visual characteristics produced by various printing processes (offset printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, etc.). The standard provides guidelines to manufacturers and printing practitioners, helping to set the device to a standard state. The measurement data from these printing plants can be used to create ICC color description files and generate proofs that match the printed colors. In short, the ISO12647 standard facilitates the exchange of information between printing practitioners, prepress departments, and print buyers.
ISO12647 is based on standards including ink, paper, measurement and visual observation conditions. This standard includes many parts. In each part of the ISO12647 standard, for different printing processes, the minimum value of the process parameters is defined:
ISO12647-1: Process control of mesh tone color separation proofs and printed products: parameters and measurement conditions.
ISO12647-2: Lithographic offset printing ISO12647-3: Cold-set offset printing of newsprint ISO12647-4: Publishing gravure printing ISO12647-5: Screen printing ISO12647-6: Flexographic printing ISO12647-7: Sample making directly from digital data
The full name of GRACOL is general requirements for application sin commercial off setlithography, which means the overall requirements for commercial offset printing applications. GRACOL is a color reproduction specification for offset printing on sheet-fed paper. GRACOL7 uses the "neutral gray printing density curve" or npdc as the core content according to the ISO12647-2 international printing standard, and standardizes the standard printing conditions and implementation methods.
PSO of FOGRA Association
The offset printing production standard (processstandardoffset or PSO) was developed by the image technology research association FOGRA in Munich, Germany, for bvdm (German Printing Media Industry Alliance) for the German printing industry to implement. PSO is also based on the printing process standard ISO12647-2. Like GRACOL, PSO strictly adheres to the ISO12647-2 standard, while adding some supplementary specifications, especially for digital proofing, or in the case of conflict with the color on the ground, adopting midtone color priority.
FOGRA is promoting "Media Standard Printing 2010-" which is a technical guideline for data, film, proofing and finished product printing. This guideline is a summary version of the PSO specification, including recent updates to the ISO standard. Currently, only the German version of this document can be accessed through the following link; the English version is expected to be available before the end of March 2010.
In fact, the difference between PSO and GRACOL is very small. Both of them advocate that halftone control is more important than field color control. The SWOP standard is for web offset printing. SWOP is a color reproduction specification for web offset printing. The SWOP specification is suitable for web offset printing using ink and paper specified by ISO. Two SWOP specifications exist: SWOP3 is used for printing on paper No. 3, and SWOP5 is used for printing on paper No. 5.
The G7 control method from proofing to printing provides a newer method for color calibration of printing presses and / or proofing. From the print buyer to the design agency, to the printing house, and finally to the print buyer, G7 has completely established a closed-loop visual-based control method. Using this method, we can actually print on any kind of printing machine or substrate, while retaining the common and consistent visual effects. G7 is not only suitable for commercial printing, but also for publication and newsprint printing, as well as flexographic printing, silk screen and inkjet printing.
G7 is based on data imaging, spectrophotometry, and computer-to-plate technology. It is based on the theory that the visual effect is how a certain image appears in the human eye, from dark to bright, mainly controlled by gray tones, rather than measuring the printed dot area. G7 is named after this grayscale calibration technique (g) and seven ISO inks (7); it emphasizes the gray balance data of bright and midtones, rather than density targets, such as the field of each color Density and network expansion value. G7 gives the definition of gray balance and neutral gray printing density curves (npdc), and these are used as the basis for calibration and image replication, so as to ensure that the files created using the G7 method are similar when printed by any printing process. Visual effect.
SWOP, GRACOL, and G7 are registered trademarks of the IDE Alliance; as a non-profit industry association, the IDE Alliance guides and provides printing methods, specifications, and standards in the United States.
japancolor is a specification and certification system developed by the Japan Printing Machinery Association to encourage the widespread adoption of printing standards in the printing industry throughout Japan. Japancolor conforms to the ISO standard and is similar to the GRACOL and PSO specifications; it provides guidelines for sheetfed offset printing, newspaper and web offset printing, and these guidelines have been specifically revised to meet the special needs of the Japanese printing market.
The specifications of GRACOL, SWOP, PSO and japancolor are designed to help printers achieve ISO standards. G7 is a method used to realize GRACOL and SWOP.
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