Powdery mildew is widespread in nature and can infect and package a variety of crops and cash crops, causing serious losses to agricultural production worldwide. Scientists have used Arabidopsis as a model plant, and have made some progress in studying the mechanism of plant powdery mildew resistance. Several key genes including EDR2 have been found to regulate powdery mildew resistance. The Arabidopsis edr2 mutant exhibited enhanced resistance to powdery mildew and powdery mildew-induced cell death, while the edr2 mutant also exhibited enhanced ethylene-induced senescence response.
Tang Dingzhong's research group at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences used edr2 mutants as materials and screened some edr2 inhibitor mutants through genetic methods. One of the inhibitors, sr1-4D, can suppress various phenotypes of the edr2 mutant, including powdery mildew resistance, powdery mildew-induced cell death, and an enhanced ethylene-induced senescence response. SR1 is a calmodulin-binding transcription factor, and the sr1-4D mutant is a gain-of-function mutant whose mutation is located in the calmodulin-binding domain of SR1, resulting in a gain-of-function protein. Analysis by inoculating different strains shows that sr1-4D exhibits enhanced susceptibility to a variety of pathogenic bacteria, including various saprophytic growth types and live vegetative growth type fungi and bacteria, and sr1-4D accumulates lower levels of salicyl Acidic, and the loss-of-function mutant sr1 exhibits the opposite phenotype as the sr1-4D mutant. Through EMSA and ChIP experiments, it was found that SR1 directly inhibits the expression of NDR1 and EIN3 genes that play an important role in disease resistance and ethylene response by directly binding the promoters of NDR1 and EIN3. Further research found that the ndr1 mutation can inhibit the sr1 disease-resistant phenotype, while ein3 can inhibit the sr1 ethylene-induced aging phenotype. These results reveal that SR1 finely regulates plant disease resistance and ethylene-induced senescence by regulating NDR1 and EIN3.
This study discovered for the first time that SR1 directly regulates NDR1 and EIN3, and found that SR1 serves as a key intersection point for the regulation of salicylic acid signaling pathway and ethylene signaling pathway at the transcriptional level.
The research was published online in the Journal of Plant Physiology in February 2012 (DOI: 10.1104 / pp.111.192310). Ning Haozhen, a doctoral student in Tang Dingzhong's research group, is the first author of the paper. The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and special genetically modified projects.
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