1. Book and book binding process The printed pages and signatures are processed into volumes, or the documents and bills are sorted and matched to form book volumes and other post-printing processes, which are collectively called binding. The binding of books and periodicals includes two major processes: binding and binding. Ordering is the cost of book pages, the processing of book blocks, and the processing of book covers is the finishing.
1. The evolution of book binding technology The earliest books in China use bamboo belts or ropes to string together written bamboo and wood pieces into a volume called "Simple Policy". Jian Ce is very bulky and difficult to read. Later, people cut the silk with the text according to the length of the article, and rolled it into a roll, and some were also equipped with wooden shafts at both ends of the silk, and the book "rolled by reel" appeared. After the paper was invented, the text was written on the paper, and folded to the left and right into a rectangular booklet according to certain specifications, and the front and back pages were glued with hard paper or thicker paper as the front and back covers. This kind of decoration was originally used in Buddhist scriptures, so it is called Jingzhuang. In the folded book, the front page and the last page are separated. The first and last pages of the folded book are glued together. When the book is opened to read and the flavor comes, the middle paper page will fly up. It is like a whirlwind, hence the name whirlwind. The books framed by the above two methods have been read for a long time, the folds are broken, and the pages are scattered. In the Song Dynasty, they began to use glue sticking or thread binding to bind books. From the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were thread-bound books. The thread-bound book is firmly bound, beautifully bound, and easy to read. After the Qing dynasty, movable type printing gradually replaced engraving printing, the output and variety of printed materials continued to increase, and the binding technology has also been developed accordingly, gradually moving from manual operation to mechanization. At present, in addition to making a small number of precious edition books and antique books in order to retain our national traditions, the main binding forms are paperback and hardcover, except for thread binding. The methods of binding are divided into manual binding, semi-automatic binding, and fully automatic binding using linkage.
2. The binding process of paperbacks Paperback is a commonly used form of book binding, characterized by a soft paper cover. Manual and semi-automatic binding process. Collision page cutting → folding → with book signature → with book block → book book → package cover → cut book
(1) Crashing and cutting After printing the large-format book pages, the single-sided paper cutter is used to cut them to meet the required size. Cutting is done on the paper cutter. According to the length of its cutting knife, the paper cutter is divided into full sheet and folio; according to its degree of automation, it is divided into automatic paper cutter and semi-automatic paper cutter. When operating, pay attention to safety. The cut paper and cuts should be smooth, neat, not crooked, and the specifications should meet the requirements.
(2) The process of folding large-format printed pages, according to the order of page numbers and the size of the format, is called folding. There are three methods for folding.
1. The vertical cross-folding method must fold the pages at a 90 ° angle to fold one page after each folding, and the folds of the signatures are perpendicular to each other. This form of folding is easy to operate, and the number of folds has a certain relationship with the number of pages.
2. The creases of book stickers folded by the parallel folding method are parallel to each other, as shown in Figure 7-2. It is suitable for folding pages of thicker paper, such as children's books and picture books.
3. Mixed folding method The folding seam in the same signature has both parallel and vertical folding methods to mix the folding method. At present, most of the printing factories in China use mechanical folding. Folding machine is divided into knife type folding machine, fence type folding machine and grid knife mixed type folding machine, there are two types of full sheet and folio. The knife folding machine uses a folding knife to press the paper into the horizontal seam of two rotating folding rollers, and completes the folding process by the friction between the two rollers and the paper. This folding machine can fold the entire printed sheet, with high folding accuracy, but it covers a large area. The fence-type folding machine is to move the paper forward through the folding roller along the fence until it reaches the baffle plate. Under the friction of the folding roller, the paper is bent and folded. This folding machine has a fast folding speed and a small footprint, but it is not suitable for folding large, thin and soft paper. The same folding machine is a combination of knife type and fence type, which is called grid knife hybrid folding machine. The folding speed of this folding machine is faster than that of knife folding machine. In addition, the folding presses for book and magazine web printing machines are generally equipped.
(3) Matching signatures Insert or paste zero pages or inserts into a signature in the order of page numbers.
(4) Distributing book blocks The process of arranging the entire book's book stickers in sequence is called distributing book blocks, also called arranging books. There are two types of nesting method and matching method.
1. The nesting method nests one signature in or out of another signature in order of page number to form two thick blocks with only one ridge. This method is suitable for journals and magazines with few posts.
2. The matching method stacks the individual signatures one by one according to the page number order, and becomes the book block of a book, which is used to cover the cover after ordering the book. This method is often used for paperback or hardcover books. Matching can be done manually or mechanically. Manual label matching is labor-intensive and inefficient, and can only be produced in small batches. Therefore, the label matching machine is now mainly used to complete the label matching operation. The working principle of the collating machine puts the signatures on the conveyor belt in sequence and overlaps them in sequence to complete the collation of the book block. In order to prevent mistakes in collation, a small square called fold label is printed on the spine of each printed sheet during printing. After matching, the book block forms a stepped mark on the back of the book. Collapse and bundle bundled book signatures (generally called Maoben). In addition to thread-locking, brush a thin layer of glue or paste on the back of Maoben. After drying, open a local book to prevent The signatures are scattered, and then booked.
(5) Bookbinding The various signatures of the book block are firmly connected by various methods. This process is called bookbinding. Commonly used methods are saddle stitching, wire nails, wire binding, glue binding and so on.
1. The saddle stitching machine uses saddle stitching machine to bind the book block with the cover and the cover together, and fix it with two iron wires on the spine to become a book. Books using saddle stitching should not be too thick, and multiple posts must be combined into a whole post to be bound.
2. Flat wire binding uses a wire stapler to pass the wire through the binding opening of the book block, which is called flat wire binding. The iron wire is flat-bound, and the production efficiency is high, but the yellow wire easily produces yellow rust spots, which affects the appearance of books and periodicals, and also causes the breakage and shedding of book pages. It is suitable for booking books of less than 100 pages.
3. Locking and threading connects the matched book signatures in series with threads one by one, which is called threading and threading. The thread-locking machine is commonly used for thread-locking. Locking can be used to book any thickness, which is firm and easy to read, but the speed of book binding is slow.
4. Adhesives for adhesive binding bind together signatures or pages to make book blocks. Generally, the page numbers of the signatures are matched, the slots are cut into grooves or milled on the spine, and the sheets are cut into single sheets. After they are collided, the signatures are firmly bonded with adhesive. Glue-bound book blocks can be used in paperback or hardcover. atun o = book layout design common sense books: graphic crops that have been engraved, copied or printed or lighted on certain media. The composition of the book: cover / cover / waist cover / cover page / title page / front Lekou / rear Lekou When the cover and cover are combined into one, it is called simple hardcover. Some books have a cover page (or ring backing). After the cover page, there is a cover page. Sometimes, the cover page does not print anything or only a background color. The cover page is followed by the cover page. ).
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