Since China's reform and opening up, the economy has developed rapidly and its commodities are abundant. Companies engaged in the production of various products are striving to create brands and prosper the commodity market. However, all kinds of counterfeit and shoddy commodities have flooded the market at an alarming rate, causing very serious economic losses. For this reason, anti-counterfeiting technology has been created to prevent products from being forged or counterfeited. Printing anti-counterfeiting is one of the main anti-counterfeiting technologies for packaging. This article briefly discusses the use of information for printing anti-counterfeiting technology.
1. Anti-counterfeiting technology of human body information barcode. Since the end of the 20th century, IBM in the United States began to study concentric circular (so-called bull's eye) code identification, which has been continuously improved for bar code technology. There are currently bar codes that are visible to the naked eye for product identification. Visible light is not visible to the naked eye, but it can display fluorescent stripes under the irradiation of ultraviolet and infrared rays
Barcode printed with colorless anti-counterfeiting ink. It adopts digital character or mixed character encoding, with high density, high capacity, reliable decoding, strong error correction ability and good confidentiality. Store the second-level bar codes (tWO-djmensjnal bar codes) such as photos, blood types, fingerprints, and retinal blood vessel diagrams for personal identification. It is more difficult to copy than the ordinary two-dimensional barcode. It is integrated with the paper after special photochemical treatment. It cannot be peeled off. It can only be used once. It cannot be recognized by the human eye, nor can it be photographed or copied with visible light. A paper hidden barcode that reads the information in the barcode with a scanner that emits a certain wavelength. Signbook, tough mechanical properties, high strength, not easy to deform, can be used for a long time in harsh outdoor environments, weatherproof, high and low temperature, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, suitable for famous products such as machinery and electronics. Use laser to grab long-distance reading, compatible with the universal code system without metal interference metal barcode.
The comprehensive anti-counterfeiting bar code of the human body information after adding the human body characteristic anti-counterfeiting information to the two-dimensional bar code with the information anti-counterfeiting function is a kind of anti-counterfeiting method with stronger anti-counterfeiting function. The human body information that can be used for anti-counterfeiting includes:
(1) Fingerprint information. Fingerprints (FingerPrints) are the patterns formed by the ridges of the papillary skin on the palm surface of human fingers, and are the most important type of fingerprints. The patterns formed on human hands and soles are called palmprints.
Fingerprints can be divided into hundreds of graphics, and each fingerprint is composed of 13 different shapes of dots and lines arranged into a hundred feature points, and the location and distribution of each feature point and line are different, which makes the fingerprint unique. Sexuality, stability, and heredity reach the so-called "the same thing for life, ten thousand people are different". Some people in France reported that mathematical methods are used to summarize the details of fingerprints into four types, and each fingerprint has about 100 details. The number of gates can be obtained through permutation and combination, and then calculated based on the population of about 5 billion people in a century. Ten fingers, that is, 50 billion fingers. It has been calculated that it is possible for humans to pass through a 50-digit century before absolute duplicate fingerprints can appear. In fact, there can be no two people with identical fingerprints in the world. Therefore, fingerprints are recognized as absolutely reliable signs recognized by individuals. And has been used in forensic science for a long time. In ancient China, fingerprints have been used as proofs to prove personal identity and are respected by all countries in the world. It can be seen that fingerprints are universally recognized and non-counterfeit personal marks. Fingerprint as a special sign can be made into pattern identification password and printed with magnetic code anti-counterfeiting ink to make magnetic barcode. When the packaged goods are exported through the channel to prevent security, they can be recognized by the automatic fingerprint recognition system to achieve anti-counterfeiting purposes.
(2) Palmprint and hand shape anti-counterfeiting. The formation and specificity of human palmprints are the same as fingerprints. Only when used, because the palmprint is very large, it can be used as the same identification after the overall separation. Some people use it as an anti-counterfeit for bulk goods to prevent some of the goods in the box from being "contracted" and full of fakes.
The palm pattern can also be used in the security guard system of the access opening.
The palm shape is measured according to anthropological methods, which can find the difference between each person, but its accuracy is far inferior to fingers and palm prints. But it is also a method of identifying false.
(3) DNA anti-counterfeiting. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) exists in all nucleated animals and plants, and all genetic information of living things is stored in DNA molecules. The coding region in the DNA structure, that is, the part of the genetic gene or gene sequence accounts for 1 / 10-10 / 30 of the full length of the DNA, this part is the so-called genetic code region.
As far as human beings are concerned, there are about one hundred thousand genetic genes, each of which is composed of four nucleotides A, T, G, and c, arranged in sequence on two complementary helical DNA long chains. The total number of nucleotides is about 3 billion. For example, if you randomly check the DNA maps of two people, the probability of being exactly the same is only one in three hundred billion. This probability is far lower than the reciprocal of the total number of the world ’s population before the day. The value can be seen as 100%. Like humans, any organism, whether it is an animal or a plant, as long as it is a eukaryotic organism, has DNA in its nucleus, and this DNA fragment has polymorphism and is a natural genetic code sign. Especially in higher animals and plants, the number of genes is extremely large, exceeding the basic gene comparison (basicpair.bp), if it is used for anti-counterfeiting, only a few hundred bp is enough, it can be seen that DNA is the password, and the choice is very broad. It can be described as inexhaustible. In recent years, there have been reports of using DNA as a password for anti-counterfeiting at home and abroad, and DNA encryption inks have been launched for signature.
Shandong Normal University Institute of Biological DNA Anti-counterfeiting Technology has passed expert identification. They constructed new plasmid vectors, realized mass production of DNA molecules through DNA cloning technology and established a detection method using PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Because DNA molecules are non-toxic and very stable, they are soluble in water and some polar solvents. Using water or other solvents as media can be added to goods or their packaging to prevent forgery. The Biology Research Group of Shandong Normal University has incorporated the sequenced plant DNA code into printing oil, glue, cosmetics, and low-level liquor to study the feasibility of anti-counterfeiting for its products. Due to the need for special equipment for PCR testing, the current DNA password is still an expert anti-counterfeiting method. In batch product authenticity lawsuits, reliable scientific evidence can be obtained through expert identification and play a huge role.
The Gold Institute of Anti-counterfeiting Technology of Nankai University is working on grafting the double helix bond of the ONA gene onto photochemical recognition materials. The Institute has expanded a variety of base countries, gradually established a library, and has synthesized a variety of photochemical materials such as fluorescence, photochromism, optomagnetics, and photoacoustics. The barcodes printed with these materials can simplify the existing detection methods, and the existence of the DNA password of the sequence can be determined by observing the indicators such as fluorescence or color development, so as to distinguish the authenticity.
(4) Anti-counterfeiting of human retinal vascular images. The central artery of the retina of the human eyeball is divided into two branches from the fundus to the optic nerve head, and then divided into 4 small arteries, each small artery, and each small artery in the upper and lower retinal temporal and upper and lower nasal cases The gradation is thinner and smaller, so that a capillary network extending in all directions is formed on the retina. This is the fundus vascular map that the clinician observes the fundus diagnosis. The gradual branching of these blood vessels and even the formation of nets, such as the gradual branching of the towering trees to form uncountable leaves, and there is no exactly the same fundus vascular map. Old lesions of blood vessels or fundus have added special signs for identification. Therefore, in forensic science, the fundus retinal vascular map is regarded as one of the preferred methods for personal identification.
Use the binocular CCD camera to aim at the fundus of the eye and take a picture of the retinal blood vessel, which is processed and stored by a computer and stored in a library. It is stored in the two-dimensional bar code as the image password. When the bar code being tested passes the detector during verification, the detector converts the information into a number, and compares it with the stored fundus retinal blood vessel image with a microcomputer processor. Conclusion.
(5) Anti-counterfeiting of human eye iris image. The iris of the human eye is located behind the cornea and before the crystalline lens. Its color varies depending on the amount and distribution of pigments. Except for some ethnic minorities, China is mostly brown. It can be seen through the cornea that the iris is disc-shaped, and there is a small hole in the center called the pupil. The pupil can automatically shrink or expand according to the brightness of the environment. The disk-shaped iris has radial texture and small concaves around the central pupil, just like a skirt folded. The texture straightens when the pupil diminishes; the texture is wavy when the pupil dilates, and the fine features such as texture, blood vessels, and spots on the iris are different. It is reported that in 1993, a device developed by Iriscan, which can check the iris of the human eye, an automatic iris recognition device, has obtained a patent. This instrument can take video images of the iris a few feet away to identify individuals. This method is easier to apply than retinal blood vessel images.
(6) Anti-counterfeit image of the dorsal vein of the hand. The branches and distribution of the subcutaneous veins in the back of the human hand are different. Their formation and meaning are the same as the omentum blood vessels, but they are far less complicated than the retinal blood vessels and the blood vessels visible through the skin are limited. Because the methods of recording, storage and inspection are relatively simple, just put the clenched fist under the camera for a few seconds, the recorded image information is printed into a barcode, and the packaging with such a password is passed by the detector After the computer processes it and compares it with the stored image, it can confirm or deny the conclusion.
(7) Anti-counterfeiting of facial features. People's faces are different, and even a pair of twins can be detected by anthropological methods. For example, the points and lines between various anatomical parts of the face are measured by anthropological methods, and the thermal phase of the face is scanned by infrared rays, which can be used for personal identification of portraits, or an automatic computer recognition system can be established for anti-counterfeiting.
2. Magnetic code. Write the password on the magnetic stripe or print the password with magnetic ink. Interpretation with magnetic decoder. Generally, printing, coating or pasting methods can be used to fix the magnetic medium at a specific position on the surface of paper, cards or certificates. At present, magnetic codes have been used in finance, communication control and other fields. Since common commercial codes are easy to be falsified and forged, watermark magnetics (watermarkmagnetics) have been introduced in recent years. In the production of the watermark magnetic stripe, after the magnetism is applied by the temperature, the computer generates the two-digit interval of the pattern, dries it and stays in the magnetic oxide, resulting in a unique 12-digit number that cannot be changed. When reading, a special watermark magnetic verification track is added to the ordinary magnetic head to judge whether the watermark magnetic number exists and is correct to distinguish the authenticity.
Magnetic stripe can also be combined with hologram to make full magnetic stripe anti-counterfeiting technology. That is, the magnetic and optical information are locked together for comprehensive anti-counterfeiting. The resulting raster numbers and barcode numbers are independent, but the two complement each other to form a huge identification number for the holographic magnetic card, which is more conducive to anti-counterfeiting and confidentiality. Use a holographic magnetic card reader for testing. Magnetic code technology is now used for printing magnetic codes on solid packaging such as boxes and bottles.
3. Laser holographic anti-counterfeiting technology. At present, laser rainbow embossed hologram anti-counterfeiting technology is commonly used, which is a kind of visual graphics or information produced on products using laser rainbow hologram plate-making technology and molded copy technology.
The first holographic logo was whiskey by hand. Later this logo became popular in the world and was gradually used on various tickets and credit cards. Introduced in the 1980s in China, it has been widely used in various brand-name commodities and is the most used among various anti-counterfeiting technologies.
Rainbow holographic image is a rainbow holographic photo made by taking ordinary holographic image as the object and processed by a series of procedures. For example, if a photoresist photoresist is used instead of a hologram taken in a normal photo, after exposure processing, a relief phase hologram is obtained, which is a master for making a rainbow hologram. The surface of the master is filled with uneven interference fringes, and its fineness can reach more than one thousand per millimeter. These embossed stripes record the light wave intensity and phase information of the object being photographed, realizing holographic recording. Then use vacuum coating or chemical plating method to coat a very thin metal film on the surface of the master, and then electroplate nickel or other metals with appropriate thickness to make a molded metal plate with good mechanism performance. Install the board on the imprinting machine, heat press the polyester plastic film, imprint the relief hologram on the film, and finally vacuum-deposit an aluminum film on the film to improve the reflectivity of the film. After covering or coating a protective layer on the aluminum film, a hologram is made. This is an opaque laser molded holographic anti-counterfeiting image. This hologram can be observed with white light. Each wavelength of light in white light will be diffracted by the interference fringes on the picture. Because of the different diffraction angles, when viewed at different angles, there are reproduced images of different colors.
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