Abstract The preparation of a novel biodegradable plastic fast food box material with cross-linked starch, cellulose, and light active calcium carbonate as the main raw material was studied. The best formula and process conditions for preparing the fast food box were selected. The tensile strength of the material at room temperature is 58 MPa, and the hot water temperature is as high as 98.0°C. Key words biodegradation cross-linked starch cellulose cellulose light active calcium carbonate The manufacture of late-model biodegradable snack containers made of the raw materials of cross-linking starch, cellulose, light calcium carbonate. In which, the best formulation and the best process condition of manufacture of snack containers are selected, the stretching intensity of the manufactured Membrane is 58MPa at room temperature and its hot-water-resistance temperature is 98.0°C.Key words biodegradable; cross-linking starch;cellulose; light active calcium carbonate
With the progress and development of society, the application of plastic products in people's daily life and national economic construction has become more and more popular. Take polystyrene (PS) fast food box as an example, because it has the advantages of convenient application, clean and light, cheap, non-toxic, odorless, white color, simple production process, and excellent performance, it has been favored by people since its inception. And it is widely used. However, this has also led to the disposal of plastic waste. PS is resistant to aging, corrosion, and hard to degrade, causing serious damage to the human living environment. In order to eliminate and reduce this "white pollution", people have to deal with wastes, such as: landfill, incineration, recycling, etc., but these methods generate secondary pollution, or the cost is high and the process is complicated. In this way, the development of biodegradable plastics has become a new topic in front of people [1, 2].
At present, degradable plastics can be divided into photodegradable plastics, biodegradable plastics, and photo-biodegradable plastics. For the consideration of production costs and renewable resource utilization, the development of biodegradable plastics has been selected as a research topic.
The so-called biodegradable plastics refer to macromolecule materials that can cause biodegradation under the action of enzymes that secrete enzymes (eg, fungi, bacteria, etc.) under certain conditions. It can be divided according to the form and degradation mechanism: Biodestructible plastics and Biodegradable plastics [3]. The former is not an ideal product because it cannot be completely degraded and has certain limitations. We studied the process of preparing biodegradable plastics with cross-linked starch, cellulose and light-weight active calcium carbonate as the main raw materials. Through orthogonal experiments, the best formulas and processes for preparing biodegradable sheets were screened out. condition. 1 Experimental Section 1.1 Main Raw Materials and Equipment Corn Starch, Industrial Grade, Beijing Xijiao Starch Factory; Cellulose, Industrial Grade, Beijing Paper Mill; Epichlorohydrin, Chemical Pure, Tianjin Chemical Reagent No.3 Plant; Lightweight Active Calcium Carbonate ,Industrial grade,Tiantai Chemical Co., Ltd.;Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-1788),Industrial grade,Yanshan petrochemical plant;Two-roller SK-160A,Shanghai second mechanical repair plant;Press machine,YX (D)-45 type, Xinzhou County Hubei Light Industry Machinery Factory; tensile testing machine, LJ-1000 type, Guangzhou Material Experimental Machine Factory. 1.2 Preparation 1.2.1 Preparation of cross-linked starch In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, 10 g of corn starch and 45 mL of water were added, stirred vigorously, heated to 40°C, and then 0.02 mL of epichlorohydrin and an appropriate amount of potassium hydroxide solution were added. Adjust the pH to 8-10. After 8 hours of constant temperature reaction, filtration and washing were performed, and the filter cake was dried to obtain cross-linked starch [4]. 1.2.2 Preparation of Biodegradable Plastic Sheets Take 2g of cross-linked starch, add 15mL of water, stir, heat to 95°C, add cellulose, and heat for 10min. Cool to 40°C, add light active calcium carbonate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-1788) and stir well. The above ingredients were placed on a double-roll mill for rolling for 6 min, and then placed in a template and pressed at 100° C. and 10 MPa for 5 min to obtain a semi-finished sheet. 1.3 Determination of product properties The tensile strength σt (MPa) of the product is tested according to the method specified in the relevant plastics standard [5].
The corresponding σt of the product was determined according to the changes of the calcium carbonate content of the filler Q calcium carbonate, the amount of PVA QPVA, and the amount of cellulose used Q cellulose, and they were plotted as curve 1 in FIGS. 1 to 3 , respectively.
The hot water resistance of the product was tested as follows: Take a 50 mL beaker, add 30 mL of water, and weigh 0.2 g of the sample in water. Slowly increase the temperature at 5 °C/min. Measure the temperature at which the starch dissolves and the water becomes cloudy. (°C). According to the difference in the filler Q calcium carbonate, the ingredients QPVA and Q cellulose, record the corresponding T value, and plot curve 2 in Figures 1 to 3 respectively. 2 Results and discussion Under the condition of fixed cross-linked starch dosage, pass the four factors The four-level experimental scheme studied the optimal formula of active calcium carbonate, PVA, and cellulose. The results show that the factors affecting the tensile strength of plastic products from the largest to the smallest are the amount of cellulose (Q cellulose), the molding temperature, the amount of PVA (QPVA) and the amount of active calcium carbonate (Q active calcium carbonate). The degree of influence on the heat-resistant water performance is from the order of PVA amount, active calcium carbonate dosage, molding temperature, and cellulose dosage. 2.1 Effect of the amount of active calcium carbonate on product performance Calcium carbonate acts as a filler in the furnish in order to increase product stability and reduce production costs. Curve 1 in Figure 1 shows that as the amount of calcium carbonate increases, the tensile strength of the product gradually decreases. This is due to the presence of large and small voids in the interface between the inorganic filler and the matrix resin. When subjected to external forces, these defects cause the mechanical properties to decrease as the proportion of the inorganic filler is increased. Curve 2 shows that the hot water properties rise first and then decrease. This is because the inorganic filler itself has water resistance, so that the use of the inorganic filler increases the water resistance. However, if the amount of the inorganic filler is too large, the tight binding between starch, calcium carbonate, and cellulose is impaired, resulting in a decrease in water resistance. Considering comprehensively, it is appropriate to take 1.2g of calcium carbonate.
Fig.1 Effect of the amount of active calcium carbonate on performance 2.2 Effect of PVA amount on product performance As can be seen from the curves 1 and 2 in Fig. 2, the increase of PVA amount will significantly increase the tensile strength and hot water resistance of the product due to PVA. The result of the combination of tackiness and insolubility with water. When the amount of PVA exceeds a certain value, the influence on the product performance is not so obvious, but the production cost is increased, so it is appropriate to take 0.4g.
Figure 2 Effect of PVA Dosage on Properties 2.3 Effect of Cellulose Dosage on Product Performance Cellulose acts as a backbone in the product. It has strong mechanical strength and chemical stability. Curve 1 in FIG. 3 represents the relationship between tensile strength and cellulose usage, showing that the addition of cellulose significantly increases the tensile strength of the product; curve 2 represents the correlation between the performance of hot water resistance and the amount of cellulose used, indicating that cellulose is added. Improve the hot water resistance of the product, but if too much is added, the starch and calcium carbonate will be converted from the continuous phase to the discontinuous phase, which will affect their full bond with the cellulose, resulting in a decrease in water resistance. The amount of cellulose used is 1.5g.
Figure 3 Effect of Cellulose Dosage on Properties 4. Conclusions Formulations and manufacturing processes for preparing novel biodegradable sheets using cross-linked corn starch, active calcium carbonate, and cellulose as main raw materials were studied to obtain the best formula For: Q cross-linked starch: Q cellulose: Q active calcium carbonate: QPVA = 100:75:50:20
By testing the properties of the sheet, the tensile strength of the sheet at room temperature was 58 MPa, and the temperature of the hot water was as high as 98.0°C. At the same time, due to the use of starch, cellulose, etc. as the main raw material, the resulting sheet is biodegradable. Therefore, the product can be used instead of PS as a snack box or other packaging material, which has a very important use value for reducing the cost of environmental protection and eliminating “white pollutionâ€. Author: Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Light Industry, Beijing 100037 References 1 Jie Jie, Yu Jiuyin. Research progress of polysaccharide biodegradable materials. China Plastics, 1995, 6(9): 17~232 Tang Saizhen, Yang Huixi. China Research status quo, problems and prospects of research and development of degradable plastics. Plastics Processing, 1995(1): 1~83 Qian Hanying et al. Q&A on practical techniques for plastics processing. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 19964 Zhao Hua et al. Preparation of modified starches. Application in Degradable Materials. Plastics Technology, 1999(1): 17~195 National Plastics Standardization Technical Committee. Compilation of Plastics Standards. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press, 1986.175~176 Zhao Hua Xu Lifang
With the progress and development of society, the application of plastic products in people's daily life and national economic construction has become more and more popular. Take polystyrene (PS) fast food box as an example, because it has the advantages of convenient application, clean and light, cheap, non-toxic, odorless, white color, simple production process, and excellent performance, it has been favored by people since its inception. And it is widely used. However, this has also led to the disposal of plastic waste. PS is resistant to aging, corrosion, and hard to degrade, causing serious damage to the human living environment. In order to eliminate and reduce this "white pollution", people have to deal with wastes, such as: landfill, incineration, recycling, etc., but these methods generate secondary pollution, or the cost is high and the process is complicated. In this way, the development of biodegradable plastics has become a new topic in front of people [1, 2].
At present, degradable plastics can be divided into photodegradable plastics, biodegradable plastics, and photo-biodegradable plastics. For the consideration of production costs and renewable resource utilization, the development of biodegradable plastics has been selected as a research topic.
The so-called biodegradable plastics refer to macromolecule materials that can cause biodegradation under the action of enzymes that secrete enzymes (eg, fungi, bacteria, etc.) under certain conditions. It can be divided according to the form and degradation mechanism: Biodestructible plastics and Biodegradable plastics [3]. The former is not an ideal product because it cannot be completely degraded and has certain limitations. We studied the process of preparing biodegradable plastics with cross-linked starch, cellulose and light-weight active calcium carbonate as the main raw materials. Through orthogonal experiments, the best formulas and processes for preparing biodegradable sheets were screened out. condition. 1 Experimental Section 1.1 Main Raw Materials and Equipment Corn Starch, Industrial Grade, Beijing Xijiao Starch Factory; Cellulose, Industrial Grade, Beijing Paper Mill; Epichlorohydrin, Chemical Pure, Tianjin Chemical Reagent No.3 Plant; Lightweight Active Calcium Carbonate ,Industrial grade,Tiantai Chemical Co., Ltd.;Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-1788),Industrial grade,Yanshan petrochemical plant;Two-roller SK-160A,Shanghai second mechanical repair plant;Press machine,YX (D)-45 type, Xinzhou County Hubei Light Industry Machinery Factory; tensile testing machine, LJ-1000 type, Guangzhou Material Experimental Machine Factory. 1.2 Preparation 1.2.1 Preparation of cross-linked starch In a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, 10 g of corn starch and 45 mL of water were added, stirred vigorously, heated to 40°C, and then 0.02 mL of epichlorohydrin and an appropriate amount of potassium hydroxide solution were added. Adjust the pH to 8-10. After 8 hours of constant temperature reaction, filtration and washing were performed, and the filter cake was dried to obtain cross-linked starch [4]. 1.2.2 Preparation of Biodegradable Plastic Sheets Take 2g of cross-linked starch, add 15mL of water, stir, heat to 95°C, add cellulose, and heat for 10min. Cool to 40°C, add light active calcium carbonate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-1788) and stir well. The above ingredients were placed on a double-roll mill for rolling for 6 min, and then placed in a template and pressed at 100° C. and 10 MPa for 5 min to obtain a semi-finished sheet. 1.3 Determination of product properties The tensile strength σt (MPa) of the product is tested according to the method specified in the relevant plastics standard [5].
The corresponding σt of the product was determined according to the changes of the calcium carbonate content of the filler Q calcium carbonate, the amount of PVA QPVA, and the amount of cellulose used Q cellulose, and they were plotted as curve 1 in FIGS. 1 to 3 , respectively.
The hot water resistance of the product was tested as follows: Take a 50 mL beaker, add 30 mL of water, and weigh 0.2 g of the sample in water. Slowly increase the temperature at 5 °C/min. Measure the temperature at which the starch dissolves and the water becomes cloudy. (°C). According to the difference in the filler Q calcium carbonate, the ingredients QPVA and Q cellulose, record the corresponding T value, and plot curve 2 in Figures 1 to 3 respectively. 2 Results and discussion Under the condition of fixed cross-linked starch dosage, pass the four factors The four-level experimental scheme studied the optimal formula of active calcium carbonate, PVA, and cellulose. The results show that the factors affecting the tensile strength of plastic products from the largest to the smallest are the amount of cellulose (Q cellulose), the molding temperature, the amount of PVA (QPVA) and the amount of active calcium carbonate (Q active calcium carbonate). The degree of influence on the heat-resistant water performance is from the order of PVA amount, active calcium carbonate dosage, molding temperature, and cellulose dosage. 2.1 Effect of the amount of active calcium carbonate on product performance Calcium carbonate acts as a filler in the furnish in order to increase product stability and reduce production costs. Curve 1 in Figure 1 shows that as the amount of calcium carbonate increases, the tensile strength of the product gradually decreases. This is due to the presence of large and small voids in the interface between the inorganic filler and the matrix resin. When subjected to external forces, these defects cause the mechanical properties to decrease as the proportion of the inorganic filler is increased. Curve 2 shows that the hot water properties rise first and then decrease. This is because the inorganic filler itself has water resistance, so that the use of the inorganic filler increases the water resistance. However, if the amount of the inorganic filler is too large, the tight binding between starch, calcium carbonate, and cellulose is impaired, resulting in a decrease in water resistance. Considering comprehensively, it is appropriate to take 1.2g of calcium carbonate.
Fig.1 Effect of the amount of active calcium carbonate on performance 2.2 Effect of PVA amount on product performance As can be seen from the curves 1 and 2 in Fig. 2, the increase of PVA amount will significantly increase the tensile strength and hot water resistance of the product due to PVA. The result of the combination of tackiness and insolubility with water. When the amount of PVA exceeds a certain value, the influence on the product performance is not so obvious, but the production cost is increased, so it is appropriate to take 0.4g.
Figure 2 Effect of PVA Dosage on Properties 2.3 Effect of Cellulose Dosage on Product Performance Cellulose acts as a backbone in the product. It has strong mechanical strength and chemical stability. Curve 1 in FIG. 3 represents the relationship between tensile strength and cellulose usage, showing that the addition of cellulose significantly increases the tensile strength of the product; curve 2 represents the correlation between the performance of hot water resistance and the amount of cellulose used, indicating that cellulose is added. Improve the hot water resistance of the product, but if too much is added, the starch and calcium carbonate will be converted from the continuous phase to the discontinuous phase, which will affect their full bond with the cellulose, resulting in a decrease in water resistance. The amount of cellulose used is 1.5g.
Figure 3 Effect of Cellulose Dosage on Properties 4. Conclusions Formulations and manufacturing processes for preparing novel biodegradable sheets using cross-linked corn starch, active calcium carbonate, and cellulose as main raw materials were studied to obtain the best formula For: Q cross-linked starch: Q cellulose: Q active calcium carbonate: QPVA = 100:75:50:20
By testing the properties of the sheet, the tensile strength of the sheet at room temperature was 58 MPa, and the temperature of the hot water was as high as 98.0°C. At the same time, due to the use of starch, cellulose, etc. as the main raw material, the resulting sheet is biodegradable. Therefore, the product can be used instead of PS as a snack box or other packaging material, which has a very important use value for reducing the cost of environmental protection and eliminating “white pollutionâ€. Author: Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Light Industry, Beijing 100037 References 1 Jie Jie, Yu Jiuyin. Research progress of polysaccharide biodegradable materials. China Plastics, 1995, 6(9): 17~232 Tang Saizhen, Yang Huixi. China Research status quo, problems and prospects of research and development of degradable plastics. Plastics Processing, 1995(1): 1~83 Qian Hanying et al. Q&A on practical techniques for plastics processing. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 19964 Zhao Hua et al. Preparation of modified starches. Application in Degradable Materials. Plastics Technology, 1999(1): 17~195 National Plastics Standardization Technical Committee. Compilation of Plastics Standards. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Science and Technology Press, 1986.175~176 Zhao Hua Xu Lifang
We print 2-dimensional barcode, QR code onto holographic white area which is easily to be read by equipment. This hologram label is developed for QR code print only. Once you have a QR reader app on your smartphone, you can point your camera phone at these codes and immediately grab useful information.
QR Code label is a new technology of encoding,printing,distinguish,data collection and management. It can indicate the producing areas,manufacturers,names of goods,date of manufacture,classification codes
of the books,start stop site of the package,category,date and any other information.
Qr Security Label Sticker,Qr Code Security Label,Qr Security Sticker,Qr Label Sticker
Shenzhen Jingyuan Technology Co., Ltd. , http://www.holographicsticer.com