Stem cells can repair radiation damage

Shanghai Xinfan reports: For patients battling brain tumors, radiotherapy is often a life-saving treatment—but it can also cause significant or even permanent damage to the brain. Now, scientists at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in the U.S. have made a breakthrough by developing a method to convert human stem cells into specialized cells that can repair brain damage. In experiments, rats that received this cell therapy showed remarkable recovery of cognitive and motor functions after undergoing radiation. The findings were recently published in the journal *Cell-Stem Cell*. During brain tumor radiotherapy, progenitor cells responsible for maintaining the protective myelin sheath around neurons are often damaged or lost. These cells, known as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, play a crucial role in protecting and repairing nerve cells. However, there has been no effective way to restore them until now. Neurosurgeon Viviane Tabar and researcher Jinghua Piao, along with their team, explored whether stem cells could be used to replace these lost cells. They discovered that by exposing stem cells to specific growth factors and molecules, they could successfully differentiate them into functional oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. The researchers then tested this approach on rats that had undergone brain radiation. When the lab-grown cells were injected into targeted areas of the brain, the animals showed clear improvement in both cognitive and motor abilities. Importantly, the treatment was found to be safe—no tumors or abnormal cell growth were observed in the brain. Tabar emphasized the potential impact of this discovery. “The ability to repair radiation-induced brain damage could significantly improve the quality of life for cancer survivors and may allow for longer or more intense radiation treatments,” she said. “While more research is needed, if we can effectively repair the brain, we might be able to safely increase radiation doses within a certain range.” This development is especially promising for children, who typically receive lower radiation doses due to concerns about long-term brain damage. With this new approach, doctors may one day be able to deliver more effective treatments while minimizing harm.

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