Stem cells can repair radiation damage

Shanghai Xinfan reports: For patients diagnosed with brain tumors, radiotherapy is often a critical treatment that can save lives—but it also carries the risk of causing significant or even permanent damage to the brain. Now, scientists at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in the U.S. have made a breakthrough by developing a new method to convert human stem cells into specialized cells capable of repairing brain damage. In experiments, rats that received this cell therapy showed remarkable recovery of cognitive and motor functions after undergoing radiation. The findings were recently published in the journal *Cell-Stem Cell*. Radiotherapy, while effective against brain tumors, often leads to the loss or severe reduction of progenitor cells that help protect the myelin sheath surrounding neurons. These myelin-producing cells, known as oligodendrocytes, play a crucial role in maintaining and repairing nerve function. Currently, there's no way to restore them once they're damaged. Dr. Viviane Tabar, a neurosurgeon at the cancer center, along with researcher Jinghua Piao and their team, explored whether stem cells could be used to replace these lost oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Their research found that by exposing stem cells to specific growth factors and molecules, they could successfully differentiate them into functional oligodendrocytes. The team then tested this approach in rats that had undergone brain radiation. When the lab-grown oligodendrocyte progenitor cells were injected into targeted areas of the brain, the animals showed clear signs of recovery, regaining both cognitive and motor abilities. Importantly, the treatment was found to be safe—no tumor formation or abnormal cell growth was observed in the brains of the treated rats. “The ability to repair radiation-induced brain damage could have two major impacts: improving the quality of life for cancer survivors and potentially expanding the window for radiation treatment,” said Tabar. “While more research is needed, if we can effectively repair brain tissue, we might be able to safely increase radiation doses within certain limits.” This could be especially beneficial for children, as doctors typically use lower radiation doses to avoid long-term side effects.

Makeup Tools

Makeup tools are essential accessories used by makeup artists and individuals to apply and enhance their makeup looks. These tools help in achieving a flawless and professional finish. Here are some commonly used makeup tools:
1. Brushes: Makeup brushes come in various shapes and sizes, each designed for a specific purpose. They are used to apply foundation, powder, blush, eyeshadow, and lipstick. Brushes made of synthetic or natural bristles are available, depending on personal preference.
2. Beauty Blender: A beauty blender is a sponge-like tool used for applying foundation, concealer, and cream-based products. It helps in achieving a seamless and airbrushed finish by blending the product into the skin.
3. Eyelash Curler: An eyelash curler is used to curl and lift the lashes, making them appear longer and more defined. It is especially useful for those with straight or downward-pointing lashes.
4. Tweezers: Tweezers are used for precise eyebrow shaping and hair removal. They help in plucking unwanted hair and creating well-defined eyebrows.
5. Eyelash Applicator: Eyelash applicators are used to apply false eyelashes easily and accurately. They provide a firm grip on the lashes and help in achieving a natural-looking application.
6. Eyelash Comb/Brow Brush: This tool has a comb on one end and a brush on the other. The comb is used to separate and remove clumps from mascara-coated lashes, while the brush helps in grooming and shaping eyebrows.
7. Makeup Sponges: Makeup sponges are used for applying and blending liquid or cream-based products like foundation, concealer, and cream blush. They can be used wet or dry, depending on the desired coverage and finish.
8. Lip Brush: A lip brush is used to apply lipstick or lip gloss with precision. It helps in creating well-defined and even lip color, especially for bold or intricate lip looks.
9. Powder Puffs: Powder puffs are used to apply loose or pressed powder to set foundation and reduce shine. They provide a soft and velvety finish to the skin.
10. Makeup Sanitizing Spray: This is not a tool, but a product used to sanitize and clean makeup brushes and sponges. It helps in removing bacteria, dirt, and product buildup, ensuring hygiene and prolonging the life of your tools.
These are just a few examples of makeup tools that are commonly used. The choice of tools may vary depending on personal preference, makeup style, and the desired outcome.

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