Scientists at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory recently developed a detection system that can quickly detect six airborne bioterrorism agents, including Bacillus anthracis. The system uses live immune system cells. This genetically engineered cell emits light when it comes into contact with specific pollutants. The entire detection process takes only 3 minutes.
For the detection of bioterrorism agents, time is of the essence. If a person is exposed to an environment containing poisonous agents such as Bacillus anthracis, they will become infected within 2 to 3 minutes. Therefore, the sooner you evacuate, the less damage you will cause.
Lincoln Harper researcher James Harper said that the core of the detection system they invented is living B cells. If B cells are combined with pathogens in the body, they will respond within 1 second, which is almost the most current. Fast germ detection system.
The reason why B cells can recognize bacteria and viruses is that the mystery lies in the antigen carried on the surface. When the antigen is combined with its antibody, a specific target bacteria, a self-amplified chemical signal wave will be generated inside the cell, resulting in One of the results is a flow of calcium ions. Todd Reed of the Lincoln Laboratory has been studying this phenomenon since the 1990s and has found a way to use it. Through genetic modification of mouse B cells, Reed has prepared a luciferase that is very sensitive to calcium ions. This enzyme is derived from jellyfish and is called aequorin. When the jellyfish photoreceptor reacts specifically with calcium ions, under the action of the luciferase substrate-another substance from the jellyfish-coelenterazine, blue light will be emitted. Based on this, the existence of specific target bacteria can be inferred.
The initial research focus of the Lincoln Laboratory was only on the detection of six biological pathogens: variola virus, botulinum, ricin, anthrax and two other pathogens. But in theory, through genetic engineering, B cells can be used to detect any kind of biological bacteria, provided that there is an antibody to that type of bacteria.
The innovative biosensor company located in Rockville, Maryland, USA has launched the detection instrument BioFlash based on the above technical principles. The instrument can perform 16 tests at the same time, as long as there are more than 10 pathogens in 30 cubic decimetres of air, Will be detected. BioFlash can be used as an alarm detection device in airports, buildings and laboratories engaged in the research of dangerous germs.
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