"Nature": cutting-edge scientists predict scientific development in 2020
To celebrate the arrival of a new decade, the editors of Nature magazine unearthed some experts in the scientific community and asked these experts a simple question: "The field you are studying will be in ten years. Where are you going, and how do you reach the future you expect? "Here are the five most popular predictions.
1. Search (SEARCH)
The head of Google research Peter Nowig said that search engines are only ten years old. However, looking at the huge changes in search engines now, you can imagine what it will look like when it continues to go through a decade? "In the future, most search queries will be directly spoken, not typed. And, a small part of the experimental search will complete the direct reading of brain signals. "But in the era of thoughtful movies and Youtube video, it is incredible that all information will directly enter people's brains. The major dilemma faced by "search" in the next decade is the same as the basic principles facing today. Peter Nowig said that Google and its comrades (or competitors) need to refine search engines to improve quality and search accuracy, rather than increase its popularity.
2. Biology
David A. Lehman is an infectious disease specialist at the Veterans' Office in Palo Alto's healthcare system. He believes that medical research will leave many human experiments that we already know a lot, and we will pay more attention to the microbial processes that occur in the human body that we know very little. Different microorganisms live in our bodies, and together with other organisms in our bodies play some amazing functions, and the study of these microorganisms' habits can lead us to usher in many medical breakthroughs. Only by understanding how our inner ecosystem maintains our health, or makes us unhealthy, can we build a healthier body for mankind.
3. Synthetic biology (SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY)
"The challenge for the next decade will be to integrate molecular engineering and computers to make complex systems," said George Church, a professor of genetics from Harvard Medical School. By integrating the great advances made by computers into the process of biology, we can invent more effective drugs to cure cancer and develop engineered bacteria to improve our food quality and yield. We can even change the daily pattern of economic development in depressed countries. Synthetically designed parasite-resistant crops or photosynthetic organics can promote mass production of crops, or at least improve the economic landscape. "Due to reduced costs, these technologies will allow developing countries to reduce excessive waste of fertilizers and reduce the use of fossil fuels and cleaners for the cultivation of epidemic diseases. And agricultural production has become a more effective system when they want to reduce the costly When transporting on the road, this will facilitate the promotion of mobile phone networks. "
4. Laser (LASERS)
"Like the inventor in 1960, we are probably still underestimating the impact of lasers," said Thomas Bell from Stanford University and Nicolas Bigelow from the University of Rochester. With everything you do, the future of lasers is size. With lasers, we can talk about the nanoscale in the future. Some lasers are even smaller than a single molecule, which will bring radical changes to not only the sequencing of ecological genomes but also hard drives, and these changes can be implemented on a single-byte computer. Even cosmology and physics will be broken through. The laser will measure the basic constants floating in the universe and create forms of things that can only be found inside the planet. This is likely to create a fusion reaction, which can provide unlimited, carbon-free energy. For a decade of work, this is definitely a huge breakthrough.
5. Research System (RESEARCH)
But how can we achieve the above-mentioned breakthroughs and advancements? Richard Krausner from Column Group and David Maldim from California Institute of Technology may have the next decade The most radical and amazing imagination. These imaginations started with the National Institutes of Health, but they also called on us to change in culture, that is, change the attitude towards science. When research funds are released, people will insist that we need to focus on the researchers rather than the research itself. The best way to make creative breakthroughs is to fund the most creative people. Indeed, those who dare to take risks should be funded rather than generously granting writers money, because this will stimulate a new generation of scientists to delve into studies that are different from mainstream thinking, such as the idea of ​​putting the United States on the moon. Just like these, "we should encourage a new generation of independent scientists to start their career development and assist them in alternative scientific research that is different from the mainstream academic line." Support their smallest, freshest, and most open ideas, and break the hierarchical restrictions of undergraduate, master, and doctoral students, which will allow them to break through the old ideas of their predecessors. Indeed, we will like radical innovation.
Other prediction fields include: personalized medicine, energy, mental health, hominin palaeontology, universities, global governance, and astronomy. ), Drug discovery, Demographics, Chemistry, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Soil, Ecology, Metabolomics, etc.
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