Enzyme immunoassays are highly sensitive and specific, and almost all soluble antigen-antibody systems can be used for detection. Its minimum measurable value reaches ng or even pg level. Compared with radioimmunoassay, the advantage of enzyme immunoassay is that the labeling reagent is relatively stable, and there is no radioactive hazard. Therefore, the application of enzyme immunoassay is changing rapidly, and new methods and technologies of enzyme immunoassay are constantly developing. However, the popularity of enzyme immunoassays in medical testing is due to the advent of commercial kits and automatic or semi-automatic detection instruments. The enzyme immunoassay procedure is complicated and reagent preparation is difficult. Only with reagents and standardized operations that meet the requirements can satisfactory results be obtained.
The commercial ELISA kit should contain the coated solid phase carrier, enzyme conjugate substrate and washing solution. The advanced kit not only provides all reagent components, but all reagents have been formulated into application liquids, and pigments are added to various reagents to make them appear in different colors. ELISA has many operation steps and many reagents. This colored reagent is not only convenient for operation but also helpful for reducing operation errors. In addition to the excellent instruments necessary for quantitative determination (specially called ELISA readers), all ELISA instruments are also very useful for washing plates. The use of the washing machine not only saves time and labor, but also facilitates the standardization of operation, which is practical and easy to accept for small and medium-sized laboratories. However, it should be noted that before using the plate washing machine, the performance of the plate washing machine should be verified to confirm whether the washing effect of each hole is thorough and the repeatability is good.
Semi-automatic and automated ELISA analyzers have also matured and have found application in large and medium-sized clinical laboratory. There are two types of automated ELISA analyzers: open system and closed system. The former is suitable for all 96-well ELISA assays; the latter is only used with specific reagents.
Immunofiltration test and immunochromatography test have the advantages of simple, fast, single determination, and stand-up results. They do not require any equipment and equipment, and the reagents are stable, so they are mostly used for emergency tests. This type of test cannot be accurately quantified, so it is mainly limited to the detection of substances that do not exist in normal body fluids (such as antigens or antibodies for diagnosing infectious diseases) and substances with extremely low normal levels and abnormally elevated under special circumstances (such as hCG, etc.). At present, the projects that have been carried out in clinical testing include hCG, anti-HCV and anti-HIV, HBsAg, etc. New projects are constantly being developed.
Woodworking machinery. The three control modes: one is all the operation control is completed by computer, computer engraving machine at work in the work of the state, unable to carry out other typesetting work, waste may be caused by the misoperation of the computer; two is the use of single-chip control, the engraving machine can work at the same time the layout, but not closed the computer, the computer can reduce the errors caused by the waste; three is the use of USB port data transmission system has more than 32M of memory, save the file to be completely separated from the computer, turn off the computer or other layout, can greatly improve the working efficiency.
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