1. Selection of nursery land: Choose sandy loam soil with loose soil, good drainage, low groundwater level and relatively fertile soil. If there are conditions, it is best to choose the front hoe is pine and sapling seedlings, because this sorghum contains a large number of fungi that are beneficial to pine seedlings and growth, which can promote seedling development and enhance resistance. However, it is not advisable to sow in a piece of land for many years. Otherwise, due to the number of watering in the planting area, soil compaction and poor growth of seedlings, it is generally appropriate to rotate the seedlings of 1 year and 2 years. If seedlings are grown on sandy soils, it is best to apply some organic fertilizers such as river mud to improve the soil, enhance soil water absorption and fertilizer retention, and promote seedling root development and aboveground growth.
2. Fertilization: In order to improve soil fertility and improve soil physical properties, the nursery should be applied with sufficient fertilizer to ensure sufficient growth of seedlings. The base fertilizer should be fully fermented with manure or compost, applying 2-3 million jin per acre. In the fertilization method, the fertilizer is evenly spread on the nursery ground before the bed is made, and then the pear is artificially stirred to mix the fertilizer uniformly in the soil of the tillage layer.
3. Seed treatment: In order to promote the rapid germination of seeds after sowing, the emergence of seedlings is neat and enhance the resistance of seedlings. Before sowing, the seeds should be germinated. There are several ways to do this:
(1) Snow is buried in the shade between January and March. After snowfall, the snow is collected and placed in a pit or ground prepared in advance, with a thickness of 30 - 50 cm, and then the seeds are mixed with 3 times of snow. Put it into a bag such as a sack or a wooden box, put it on the snow, and then cover the upper part and the surrounding area with snow. To prevent snow melting in early spring, weave 40 to 50 cm of weeds on the snow. Remove the seeds from the snow 3-5 days before sowing, and place them in the sunny place (or use clear water to remove snow). After the snow is cleaned, disinfect with 0.5% potassium permanganate for 2 hours. sowing. Seeds can also be placed in warm places for short-term germination. When 50% of the seeds are cracked, they can be sown and the germination rate is 70.1%. If there is no snow in winter, the seeds can be mixed into the crushed ice (the smaller the ice, the better) for burial.
(2) 10-20 days before sowing in the mixed sand, select the terrain with high dryness, good drainage, and bury the pit in the place where the leeward is sunny. The depth of the pit is 50 cm each, and the length depends on the number of seeds. Put the mat on the bottom of the pit, then put the wet sand mixed with the disinfected seeds into the pit, cover it with a straw curtain at night to keep the temperature, pick up the straw curtain during the day, turn it up and down, and water it in the right amount. After 20 days, most of the seeds are split, and the seeds can be sifted out of the sand for sowing. The germination rate is 62.5%. If it cannot be planted in time, stop it and add cover or move in the shade to lower the temperature. Control germination.
(3) Soak seeds in warm water for 5-7 days, first disinfect the seeds, then soak them in 40-60 °C for a day and night, remove them and put them indoors in a warm place, wash them once a day with water, until the seeds have 50% cracks. Sowing, the germination rate reached 34.5%.
(4) The bed is generally operated in a high bed with a bed height of 10 -15 cm, a small walkway width of 50 cm, a bed surface of 1 m and a length of 10 m. When making a bed, you can first get out of bed, fully fill the bottom water, wait for the water to seep, then turn the trail soil to the bed and compact it, and keep the bed surface flat to avoid rain or watering, the seed seedlings are Scouring and silting, affecting seed germination and seedling growth.
(5) Appropriate sowing in sowing date is very important to promote seed germination, ensure seedlings and strengthen seedlings, and enhance seedling resistance. According to the test of different sowing times in different places in the past few years, the average surface temperature can be planted when the temperature is above 8 -9 °C. Generally, in mid-April and late, the Daxinganling forest area is suitable for mid-May. Before seeding, the topsoil of the seedbed should be kept moderately moist. If it is dry, it should be watered a little. When the bed surface is slightly dry, use the hoe to pick up the surface of the bed 0.5-1 cm deep, then use the planter or hand to push the seeding roll. Bed line, the width of the broadcast is 3 - 4 cm, the line spacing is 8 -10 cm, and it is suppressed in time to prevent the buds from drying and covering the soil about 0.5 cm. It should not be too thick, otherwise the seedlings will be difficult to unearth.
(6) Management of the planting site Strengthening the management after sowing is the key to increasing the emergence rate and seedling growth. (1) In areas with severe sandstorms, such as unprotected forests or shelterbelts in nursery fields, sand barriers must be placed around and in the middle of the planting area to prevent sand seedlings. From late May to early June, the monsoon has stopped, the seedling path has been lignified, and the wind barrier can be removed in stages. (2) In order to prevent the soil from being blown off by the wind, adjust the temperature and humidity of the ground. After sowing, it is better to cover the bed with a layer of straw (or wheat straw). The thickness is limited to the soil (1.5-2 kg per square meter). It is recommended to use the pine needles of Pinus sylvestris to cover the conditions and simulate the natural environment. The effect is very good. When the seedlings are excavated by 50%, remove the grass. After all the seedlings are finished, remove the grass, and do not damage the seedlings when the grass is removed. In order to prevent the topsoil from being washed when watering or raining, adjust the temperature and humidity of the bed surface to prevent the surface layer of the soil from squashing, and keep the straw between rows until the autumn. (3) The tops of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings are easy to be eaten by islands. To prevent bird damage, special care should be taken until the seed shells are completely detached.
(7) Management of seedling stage should focus on water and fertilizer management in the seedling growth period, in order to promote the robust growth of seedlings, enhance resistance and achieve high yield.
1. According to the results of water measurement in the growth period of 1-2 years old seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in 1971, the water content of stems of annual seedlings is 70-80%, and the water content of stems of 2 years old seedlings is 60-70%. Therefore, in the seedling growth period, sufficient water must be supplied, and the seedlings can grow robustly. However, the watering should be appropriate according to the growth of the seedlings.
During the germination period of the seed, the topsoil must be kept moist (about 6% moisture content) from the seeding to the seedling emergence, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges. The amount of watering is not too large. Due to the high humidity of the nighttime air, the surface soil in the morning can still be kept moist. The watering should be carried out in the afternoon. If the windy days or high temperature evaporation is large, the topsoil is easy to dry, and it needs to be watered before noon. After emergence, it is easy to stand up and blight at the end of June. Because the seedlings are tender and tender, the temperature difference between the soil surface is large, and it is vulnerable to sunburn. Therefore, the watering should be a small number of times to adjust the bed surface temperature and humidity, reduce the occurrence of blight and sunburn hazard, each time watering 5-7 kg per square meter. It is usually carried out at 10-12 am. 1 year old pine seedlings, high growth period from July to August, and the root system has been stretched, and because of the high temperature, the seedlings have a large amount of transpiration. Therefore, sufficient water must be supplied and water should be poured every 2-3 days. In the middle and late August, to promote the lignification of seedlings, it is conducive to wintering. In addition to the particularly dry weather, watering can be done every ten days, generally without watering. Water is irrigated 5-7 days before the seedlings are excavated to promote loose soil and keep the roots intact during seedlings.
2. Seedlings should be fertilized in a timely manner during the vigorous growth period to ensure that the seedlings have sufficient nutrients. Generally, starting from the middle and late June, 5-10 g of ammonium sulfate per square meter, and then topdressing every 10 days, the amount can be grown according to the seedlings. The situation shall increase as appropriate, but the maximum of 1 square meter shall not exceed 25 grams at a time. Stop the topdressing in mid-August, generally 100-150 grams per square meter. When topdressing, first water the wet seedlings, then pour the diluted fertilizer water onto the seedbed, then rinse the seedlings with water.
3. The application of herbicidal ether to eliminate weeds is the most cost-effective method of weeding. That is, the herbicide ether is mixed in the covering soil at the time of sowing, and 2 g of herbicide ether is mixed per square meter of soil. After the seedlings are released, the herbicide ether is mixed with sand and sprinkled on the seedbed, and then watered. Under normal circumstances, the application is 2 times a year, and the weeds can be basically controlled. In order to promote the root development of seedlings, between July and August, the soil is loosened once every 10-15 days, 2-3 cm deep.
4. Seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica are suitable for grouping. If the seeding volume is properly controlled and the seeding is uniform, there is no need for seedlings, but sometimes the seedling density is uneven due to uneven seeding. In order to adjust the seedling density, young and weak seedlings can be removed in July. It is more suitable to leave 600-700 plants per square meter.
(8) Methods for cultivating 2-year-old seedlings for 2-year-old seedlings include transplantation, root-cutting, and seedbed. From the point of view of root development, it is best to transplant seedlings, followed by cutting roots and leaving the bed seedlings the worst. The roots of the transplanted seedlings are developed, the ratio of crown to root is small, and the roots are mostly concentrated on the surface layer of the soil. When the seedlings are seeded, the damage of the roots is small, which is beneficial to the survival of the seedlings. The top buds grow less again, because the seedlings are evenly distributed, the light is well-grafted and sound, and there is no seedlings; the bed seedlings are seen from the outside, the strong roots are thick, especially the main roots are more developed, up to more than 2 meters long, but the lateral roots are slender. Less, the main root damage during seedlings is too much, affecting the survival rate of afforestation. The top bud grows more often. It is best to change the bed in spring, and it will start when the soil is thawed 30-40 cm in early April. The bed is arbitrarily planted in 8 rows (meaning the bed is 1 meter wide) with a plant spacing of 4 cm and a row spacing of 12 cm. For ridges, plant 2 seedlings on the ridge. The plant spacing is 4 cm and the row spacing is 16-20 cm. Before planting the seedlings, the soil is fully filled with the bottom water. After the water is infiltrated, the seedlings are planted and the depth of the seedlings is planted so that the leaves are not buried in the soil. In the process of planting the seedlings, it is necessary to keep the roots of the seedlings free from the wind and the sun. After planting the seedlings, the ridge surface (or bed) and the ridge side should be put into practice in time. It is best to pour water once after planting the seedlings, which is conducive to survival.
In order to promote the development of the upper root system of the transplanted seedlings, the alfalfa should be moderately moistened, watered every 10-15 days after planting, and the soil moisture should be kept in the summer to maintain the surface soil moisture, and the growth of the seedlings should be based on the growth of the seedlings from May to June. Appropriate amount of topdressing 1-2 times.
(9) Wintering protection of seedlings Pinus sylvestris is resistant to cold, but during the seedling period, due to the dry climate in winter, the seedlings are prone to water loss, resulting in physiological drought and death. Therefore, proper protection measures must be taken in the winter to ensure that the seedlings can safely overwinter. The test results show that in winter, the effect of covering the soil and preventing cold is better for the seedlings to survive the winter, the mortality rate of the seedlings is only 3%, and the overwintering with the grass cover, the mortality rate of the seedlings is 100%. The soil-covered seedlings reduce the influence of external adverse factors and maintain the water balance of the seedlings. At the same time, judging from the law of seedling death in winter, a large number of deaths are not in the lowest temperature in 1 year, but in the March when the temperature is large and the evaporation is large. Because the soil officially began to thaw in late March, Sometimes the daytime temperature can reach above 20 °C, and at night it can be reduced to -20 °C. The monsoon blows frequently, the air is dry, and the seedlings lose a lot of water. At this time, the roots of the seedlings are not active, and they cannot absorb water from the soil and dry up. Buried time and method: In the middle of November, when the soil is frozen, the soil of the trail will be crushed and covered on the seedbed, with a thickness of 15-20 cm, and the soil layer will reach 20-30 in the first half of April. When centimeters, remove the soil in 2-3 times and fill it in time.
In order to weather the soil of the nursery, eliminate pests and diseases, and reduce the busy work in spring, you can also dig in the fall. After the seedlings are planted, the roots are planted with soil, and the 1 year old seedlings can be bundled into small pieces (50-100 plants each). When the land is frozen, the seedlings will be completely buried with soil, and the seedlings will be safe for winter. However, the seedlings of autumn excavation and false planting, after afforestation or transplanting, are slowed down for several days, but do not affect the survival and growth of seedlings.
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Name Silicone Coated Polyester Film/ Pet Releasing Film & pet release liners/Pet Releasing Liner
Material Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 100% virgin material
Thickness 23um~250um
Coating One or two sides coating/solvent free or solvent
Colors : Transparent, white, blue, yellow or as customer`s requirement
Base coating Silicone oil
Feature: Good-smoothness and evenly plain
Sample
Free samples are available
Application
Adhesive tape/Label and stickers/MLCC purpose/
electrical industrial products
Usage:
For surface protection during moving,
storage, installation etc
MOQ: 10000 square meter
Package: pallets or as customer`s requirement
1.one side or both sides releasing
2. It can be suitable for releasing liner and adhesive tapes
Property
Test method
Units
Test value
Thickness
ASTM D374
um
36
Tensile strength
MD
ASTM D-882
Mpa
200
TD
160
Elongation at break
MD
ASTM D-882
%
120
TD
133
C.O.F(in/out)
-
-
0.61
Release (silicone weight)
one side
g
80
Heat Shrinkage
302°F(150℃)
30min
%
MD1.5/TD0.5
Glossy@45°
ASTM D2457
%
128
Haze
ASTM D1003
%
2.8
Total Luminous Transmission
ASTM D1003
%
90.0
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