According to a recent report by Fox News, the Hubble Space Telescope has captured the farthest landscape in the universe to date. A photo taken shows that there are thousands of galaxies like the Milky Way beyond billions of light years.
This photo is called the "Extreme Deep Field", or XDF for short, and brings together the landscapes taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in a certain sky in the past 10 years. Only with such a long observation time can objects at such a distance be observed, and some of them have a brightness of only one-hundredth of a millionth of the brightness that the human eye can observe.
This photo can be called the sequel of the original "Hubble Deep Space". "Hubble Ultra Deep Space" is a photo taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2003 and 2004, revealing that there are thousands of galaxies in the farthest universe discovered so far. The universe covered by XDF is farther away, being able to see the universe from 13.2 billion years ago. This universe is believed to be 13.7 billion years old. "XDF is the deepest landscape in the universe that humans have seen so far, revealing the most obscure and distant galaxies that humans have seen," the chief observer of the 2009 "Hubble Ultra Deep Space" project and the University of California ’s Garth Illingworth said. "XDF allows us to explore a more distant past than before."
This photo shows various galaxies. There are spiral galaxies that look very similar to the Milky Way, and there are also dark red clouds produced by collisions between galaxies. Some ambiguous tiny galaxies may be like seeds. Many of the largest galaxies today are germinated from such seeds.
What XDF photographed is only a small part of the southern sky constellation. In this celestial field, the Hubble telescope discovered 5,500 galaxies, many of which existed just after the universe was born.
The farthest galaxies are 13.2 billion light-years away from the Earth, which means that the light they emit will take 13.2 billion years to be captured by the Hubble telescope camera.
"The light they emitted a long time ago has only reached Earth now, so XDF is a time tunnel to a long past," said an article published by NASA. "The youngest galaxy discovered in XDF also existed 450 million years after the Big Bang."
The Hubble Telescope had to shoot the same area 2,000 times to accumulate enough light. The total exposure time was up to 2 million seconds. It uses two cameras: an advanced observation camera and a third-generation wide-area camera.
The Hubble Telescope was launched in April 1990. Since then, astronauts have visited Hubble five times in a space shuttle to upgrade it. This space telescope is a product of the cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency. It is still performing well. Scientists predict that the Hubble telescope will be in service until at least 2018.
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